Effect and mechanism of phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells regulated by TGF-β2 on the venous thrombus wall remodeling / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) on regulating the phenotype transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) during the wall remodeling after venous thrombosis. Methods Human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) were treated with different concentration (0, 1, 10, 20 ng/ml) of TGF-β2 for 24 hours, or treated with 10 ng/ml TGF-β2 at different time points (0, 2, 6, 24 h). RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of phenotype markers (contractile type: α-SMA and Elastin; synthetic type: Col1A1 and Col1A2). SD rat models of inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) were established. Rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group (n=5), thrombus group (n=9) and TGF-β2 experimental group (n=5). The successful establishment of rat model was confirmed by HE and Masson staining of vein wall tissues on 4 and 7 days after modelling. At the 14th day after modelling, IVCT rats were locally treated with hydrogel containing TGF-β2 10 ng per rat for 24 hours. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of SMC phenotypic marker mRNA in the vein wall of each group. Results TGF-β2 up-regulated mRNA expressions of both contractile and synthetic markers in HVSMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Notely, the mRNA expression of contractile markers was more up-regulated than that of synthetic markers. HE and Masson staining showed the acute thrombosis phase 4 days after modelling and the chronic organized thrombus and recanalization 7 days after modelling, confirming the successful establishment of IVCT models. At the 14th day after modelling, compared with the sham surgery group, the mRNA expression in SMC venous wall contractile markers of thrombus group was down-regulated obviously, and was up-regulated markedly in synthetic markers (P<0.05). When TGF-β2 was used to locally treat the thrombus, the expressions of contractile markers mRNA were more significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). Conclusions TGF-β2 may induce the expression of contractile and synthetic markers in HVSMCs, particularly up-regulating the contractile markers. In IVCT rats model, TGF-β2 can significantly up-regulate the mRNA expressions of SMC contraction markers, which is in favour of maintenance of SMC contractile phenotype in the thrombus vein wall.

Analysis of retinal hemodynamics in patients with diabetic retinopathy by color Doppler ultrasonography / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To analyze the changes of retinal hemodynamics in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) by color Doppler ultrasonography.METHODS:Totally 96 patients (96 eyes) with diabetes mellitus (DM) treated in our hospital from June 2014 to May 2017 were selected and divided into A,B,C three groups.Group A consisted of 32 DM patients (32 eyes),Group B with 32 cases (32 eyes) of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR),Group C 32 cases (32 eyes)of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR),and 30 healthy volunteers (30 eyes) were set as control group.All patients' the central retinal artery (CRA),posterior ciliary artery (PCA),ophthalmic artery (OA) hemodynamic changes were detected by color Doppler ultrasound.And the relation of HbA1c and FBG with diabetic lesion degree were studied.RESULTS:The hemodynamic indexes of CRA,PCA and OA in each group were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The difference of PSV of CRA,PCA and OA in Group A and control group was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The PSV and EDV of CRA,PCA and OA in Group C were the lowest,and the RI was the highest,which had a significant difference between Group A and B (P＜0.05).HbA1c and FBG in each group showed statistical significance (P＜0.05).Course of disease in Group A and Group C only showed significantly different (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Color Doppler ultrasound monitoring changes of CRA,PCA,OA hemodynamics in diabetic patients can bring us more understand in retinal blood flow,and play a vital role in prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Half circle external fixation for the treatment of open tibial fibular fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of half circle external fixation for the treatment of open tibial fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2005 to March 2011, 94 patients with open tibiofibula fractures were treated by closed manipulative or Kirschner-wire poking reduction with half circle groove external fixation including 63 males and 31 females with an average age of 39 years old ranging from 17 to 65 years old. Among these patients, 5 cases were cross shaped fractures, 19 were oblique form and spiral fractures, 70 cases were comminuted fractures. According to the fracture Gustilo classification, 49 cases were type IIIA, 45 were type IIIB. The incidence of wound infection, fracture healing time were observed. The function was evaluated according to the Johner-Wruhs standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 14 to 63 months (averaged 29 months). The wound healing time was from 16 to 39 weeks (means 21.4 weeks). No fracture nonunion, osteomyelitis and calf compartment syndrome occurred. The wounds of 81 cases were healed at the first period,deep wound infection occurred in 2 cases. According to the function Johner-Wruhs evaluation criteria:the result was excellent in 52 cases, good in 37 cases, fair in 5 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Closed manipulative or Kirschner-wire poking reduction and half circle groove external fixation can reduce the infection rate of open tibiofibula fractures. For open tibiofibula comminuted fractures, after the half circle groove external fixation for 3 to 6 weeks, a middle Kirschner-wire was removed according to fracture end healing situation to make fixation dynamic and promote fracture healing.</p>

Advances in research on Notch signaling pathway and digestive system tumors / 肿瘤

As a highly conserved genetic evolution of the interaction pathway between neighboring cells, Notch signaling plays an important role in normal cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis, and is also related to the development of many tumors. The expression of Notch-1 decreases in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, while the result is contrary in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Besides, the expression of Notch signaling in a high level promotes the formation of gastric function, which predicts the risk of gastric cancer. Notch-1 expression in colon cancer is positively correlated with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and poor overall survival of patients. Additionally, Notch ligand Dll-4 is capable of promoting colon cancer angiogenesis which contributes to distant metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. However, Notch-2 may inhibit the growth of colon cancer. In summary, although Notch signaling has mostly been associated with oncogenic and growth-promoting roles, it can also function as a tumor suppressor inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting proliferation of tumor cells, showing two diametrically opposite effects in development of cancer depending on tumor type. Applying γ-secretase inhibitors, small interfering RNAs and monoclonal antibodies to blocking Notch signaling pathway will be a new direction for the therapy of tumors. Copyright© 2012 by TUMOR.

Zoledronic acid blocks cell cycle and induces apoptosis in lung cancer cell line 95D cells and their mechanisms of action / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of zoledronic acid on cell cycle blocking and induction of apoptosis in lung cancer cell line 95D cells, and their mechanisms of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on proliferation of lung cancer cell line 95D cells was observed by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis of the lung cancer cells was examined by flow cytometry. The apoptosis in the cancer cells was also examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of ERK, Bcl-2, Bax and survivin were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ZOL showed inhibitory effect on the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vitro, in a time-dependant and a dose-dependant manner. With time extending after ZOL treatment, the number of apoptosis cells was increased. The expression of ERK, Bcl-2 and survivin was down-regulated and that of Bax up-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Zoledronic acid can block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells in vitro.</p>

Study on surgical approaches and electrode implantation of oculomotor nerve and inferior obliquus in beagle dogs

To study the surgical anatomy and approaches of intracranial oculomotor nerve [OMN] and inferior obliquus [IO], and the methods of their electrode implantation in dogs. The research was performed on 30 adult beagle dogs at Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College, Shanghai, China from November 2007 to August 2008. All animals were subjected to a right transfrontotemperal approach to intracranial OMN, a transconjunctival route to IO, and the neuro-stimulating and recording electrode implantation under general anaesthesia. The OMN was stimulated and the electromyography of IO recorded and analyzed with the Powerlab System. The security and reliability of the implanted electrodes were investigated. The surgical anatomy and approaches of both the OMN from its exit from midbrain to the entrance into cavernous sinus and the IO were described. Moreover, the implantation methods of OMN stimulating electrode and the electromyographic recording electrode of IO were displayed. The implanted electrodes were safe and reliable. Some electrophysiologic data of IO were obtained in the healthy dogs. Also, some perioperative precautions for intracranial and ophthalmic surgical procedures in dog were exhibited. The mortality rate of the dogs was 0%, and no operative complications were observed. With the data provided, these surgical approaches and the methods of electrode implantation offer a choice to construct an animal model for studying various aspects of OMN regeneration